The Manchus—a people of Khamnigan origin residing along Mongolia's eastern border—established their own state in the late 16th and early 17th centuries; they grew immensely powerful and conquered neighboring China and Mongolia. They established their dominion by conquering Inner Mongolia in 1636, Outer Mongolia in 1691, and the Dzungar Khanate in 1755. Here in the museum, you can view the state flag of the Manchu Qing Dynasty, as well as seals, emblems, and coins used during that era. The Manchus depicted dragons on their state flags, reflecting the deep reverence Eastern peoples hold for the dragon as a celestial creature.
This hall displays documents, photographs, and artifacts related to the historical events of 1911 and the era of the Bogd Khanate of Mongolia. Mongolia entered the 20th century after having been under the rule of the Manchu Qing Dynasty for over two hundred years.[1] At that time, the country was in an extremely dire socio-economic state, lagging centuries behind global standards of development. The National Liberation Revolution of 1911 marked the first fundamental turning point in the historical destiny of the Mongolian people during this century. Recognizing the situation, certain individuals sought appropriate measures to transform the nation's state of backwardness and ignorance. In the summer of 1911, during the ceremony offering homage to the Eighth Bogd Jebtsundamba Khutuktu, the Khans, nobles, and high-ranking lamas of Outer Mongolia—having consulted and resolved to break free from Manchu rule—dispatched a delegation led by Chin Van Khanddorj to Russia. Chin Van Khanddorj, Chagdarjav, and Da Lama Tserenchimed held a secret meeting at Bogd Khan Mountain, where they proposed a plan to secure Russian assistance, separate from the Manchus, and establish an independent Mongolian state; they subsequently obtained the Bogd Jebtsundamba's approval for this initiative. The formal petition submitted in this context advanced several proposals, including the conclusion of a treaty recognizing Mongolia's independence and the signing of agreements regarding trade, railway construction, and the expansion of postal communications.